A large range of haziness conditions in hot-Jupiter atmospheres

ABSTRACT We present a study of photochemical hazes exoplanet atmospheres based on self-consistent model including haze microphysics, disequilibrium chemistry, and radiative feedbacks. derive the properties required to match Hubble Space Telescope observations 10 hot-Jupiters. HAT-P-12b, HD-189733b, HD-209458b, WASP-6b require mass fluxes between 5 × 10?15 9 10?12 g cm?2 s?1 observations. WASP-12b WASP-19b with equilibrium temperatures above 2000 K are incompatible presence better fitted by heavy metals. HAT-P-1b WASP-31b do not show clear evidence for upper 10?16 s?1, respectively, while WASP-17b WASP-39b an flux limit s?1. discuss implications we limits abundances photochemistry results. Our results suggest HCN as main precursor up 1300 effective CO above. derived fit consistent formation yields ?6.4 per cent. Disequilibrium chemistry has negligible impact spectra considering low-resolution used but impacts chemical composition temperature profiles. find that produce hotter atmosphere detectable spectra. Clouds may have interpreting transit WASP-31b, WASP-39b. Nevertheless, silicate iron clouds is expected in all studied except WASP-19b.